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Bibliography

A broad spectrum of literature from a variety of relevant disciplines has been used to research the subject. This includes:

  • Prominent authors on media practise and war propaganda such as Noam Chomsky, David Detmer, Edward Herman, Phillip Knightly, David Morrison & Howard Tumber
  • Studies of media and communication theory and ethics including work by Andrew Belsey, Ruth Chadwick, James Curran, Michael Gurevitch, David Gordon, John Michael Kittless and Robert Jackall
  • Text books and articles on international human rights law such as those by Antonio Cassese, Steiner and Alston, Jaime Oraá and Rhona Smith
  • Legal treaties and case law from the body of international human rights law
  • Reports by a range of national and international NGOs such as Amnesty International, Centre for Digital Democracy, Fairness & Accuracy in Reporting, International Council on Human Rights Policy, International Press Institute, Liberty, Reporters Without Borders
  • News reports including those by BBC News Online, CNN, the Guardian, the New York Times, USA Today, the Washington Post
  • Government Sources such as the US Department of State and The Lord Chancellors Department Human Rights, UK.

A

1.  Additional Protocol to the Convention on cybercrime, concerning the criminalisation of acts of a racist and xenophobic nature committed through computer systems 2003 http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/en/Treaties/Html/189.htm

2.  American Convention on Human Rights http://www.cidh.oas.org/Basicos/basic3.htm

3.  American Council of Trustees and Alumni “Defending Civilization: How Our Universities Are Failing America and What Can Be Done About It” February 2002 http://www.goacta.org/publications/Reports/defciv.pdf

4.  Amnesty International “Report 2003” http://web.amnesty.org/report2003/index-eng

5.  Arab American Institute “In the Aftermath of September 11 2001” September 2002 http://www.aaiusa.org/aftermath.htm

6.  Article 19 www.article19.org

B

7.  Amanda Barry PR Power: Inside Secrets from the World of Spin (Virgin Publishing), 2002

8.  BBC News Online “Blair's call to 'get rid' of Saddam” 15 May, 2002 http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/1989845.stm

9.  BBC News Online “European press review” 12 September 2001 http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/1539168.stm

10.  BBC News Online “Papers depict Saddam 'toppled'” 10 April, 2003 http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/2934769.stm

11. BBC News Online “Plain-speaking Rumsfeld strikes again” 12 March, 2003 http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/2843311.stm

12. BBC News Online “Rwanda's 'hate media' on trial” 29 June 2002

13. BBC News Online http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2075183.stm

14.  BBC News Online “Saddam's symbol tumbles down” 9 April, 2003 http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/2933105.stm

15.  Andrew Belsey and Ruth Chadwick, Ethical Issues in Journalism and the Media (Routledge), 1992

16.  Jay Blumler and Michael Gurevitch, “Media Change and Social Change: Linkages and Junctures” (in Curran and Gurevitch, Mass Media and Society)

17.  Ineke Boerefijn, Towards a Strong System of Supervision: The Human Rights Committee's Role in Reforming the Reporting Procedure under Article 40 of the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Human Rights Quarterly 17.4 (1995) 766-793

18.  Julian Borger, The Guardian “The unreported cost of war: at least 827 American wounded” August 4 2003

19.  Elizabeth Bumiller, New York Times “Keepers of Bush Image Lift Stagecraft to New Heights” May 16, 2003

20.  George W Bush “State of the Union Address” 2002 http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2002/01/20020129-11.html

21.  US Senator Robert Byrd “The Emperor Has No Clothes”, US Senate, Senate Floor Remarks 17 October 2003 http://globalresearch.ca/articles/BYR310A.html

22.  Ciar Byrne, Media Guardian “US soldiers were main danger to journalists, says Simpson” June 27, 2003 http://media.guardian.co.uk/iraqandthemedia/story/0,12823,986601,00.html

C

23.  Antonio Cassese, International Law (Oxford: 2001)

24.  Centre for Defense Information, Last of the Big Time Spenders: U.S. Military Budget Still the World's Largest, and Growing March 19 2003 http://www.cdi.org/program/document.cfm?

25.  Centre for Digital Democracy http://www.democraticmedia.org

26.  The Centre for Public Integrity http://www.openairwaves.org/telecom/

27.  Channel 4 Television “The War we Never Saw” 2003

28.  Charter of the United Nations 1945 http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/ch-cont.htm

29.  Chicago Tribune “How Fox is Winning the War” November 17, 2003 http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/showcase/chi-0304040059apr04.story

30.  Chile “Fourth periodic reports of States parties due in 1994: Chile. 03/12/98. CCPR/C/95/Add.11” http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/(Symbol)/CCPR.C.95.Add.11.En?Opendocument

31.  Chile “Concluding observations of the Human Rights Committee 30/03/99. CCPR/C/79/Add.104” http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/

33.  Noam Chomsky, Necessary Illusions (London: 1989)

34.  Clifford Christians and Michael Traber, Communication Ethics and Universal Values (London: Sage) 1997

35.  CNN “Hollywood considers role in war effort” 12 November 2001 http://edition.cnn.com/2001/US/11/11/rec.hollywood.terror/index.html

36.  CNN “Suspect may face fewer legal rights than in criminal court system” June 11, 2002 http://www.cnn.com/2002/LAW/06/10/enemy.combatant/

37.  CNN “War Against Terror Special Report” http://edition.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2001/trade.center/index.html

38.  Rachel Cohen, Fairness & Accuracy in Reporting “Propaganda or Patriotism?” September/October 2000 http://www.fair.org/extra/0009/yugo_milit.html

39.  Convention on the International Right of Correction 1952 http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/i_ilocor.htm

40.  Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide 1948 http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/p_genoci.htm

41.  Convention on the Rights of the Child http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu2/6/crc/treaties/crc.htm

42.  Robin Cook “resignation speech” http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/2859431.stm 18 March 2003

43.  Crimes of War “Legal Precedents in Rwanda Court” http://www.crimesofwar.org/tribun-mag/mag_rwanda2.html

44.  James Curran and Michael Gurevitch, Mass Media and Society 1997

45.  James Curran “Mass Media and Democracy Revisited” (in Curran and Gurevitch, Mass Media and Society)

D

46.  Sergei Danilochkin, Radio Liberty “Iraq: Mounting Civilian Casualties Underscore Coalition Struggle” 30 September 2003 http://www.rferl.org/nca/features/2003/09/30092003153209.asp

47.  Julia Day, Media Guardian “NBC Sacks Peter Arnett over his Comments on the War” 31 March 2003

48.  Julia Day, Media Guardian “Mirror scoops sacked NBC Man” 1 April 2003

49.  Declaration on Fundamental Principles concerning the Contribution of the Mass Media to Strengthening Peace and International Understanding, to the Promotion of Human Rights and to Countering Racialism, Apartheid and Incitement to War 1978 http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/d_media.htm

50.  Declaration on the Human Rights of Individuals Who are not Nationals of the Country in which They Live 1985 http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/o_nonnat.htm

51.  Declaration on Race and Racial Prejudice http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/d_prejud.htm

52.  Declaration on the Right of Peoples to Peace 1984 http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/73.htm

53.  Direct Action network direct_action-subscribe@yahoogroups.com

54.  David Detmer “Covering Up Iran: Why Vital Information is Routinely Excluded from US Mass Media News Accounts” (in Kamalipour, The US Media and the Middle East)

E

55.  Barbara Ehrenreich “The Roots of War” AlterNet.org April 10, 2003 http://www.alternet.org/story.html?StoryID=15604

56.  European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms 1950 http://www.echr.coe.int/Convention/webConvenENG.pdf

57.  European Court of Human Rights “Brannigan and McBride v the UK” 1993 http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/hudoc/

58.  European Roma Rights Center “Roma and the Media” Roma Rights No 4, 1999 http://errc.org/rr_nr4_1999/roma_and_the_media.shtml

F

59.  Fairness & Accuracy in Reporting “How Many Dead? Major networks aren't counting” December 2001 http://www.fair.org/activism/afghanistan-casualties.html

60.  Federal Communications Commission http://www.fcc.gov

61.  Robert Fisk “Bush's Titanic War On Terror”, The Independent June 13 2002 http://www.medialens.org/articles_2002/rf_bush_titanic_war.html

62.  Robert Fisk CounterPunch, “Did the US Murder Journalists?” April 29, 2003 http://www.counterpunch.org/fisk04292003.html

63.  Fox News http://www.foxnews.com

G

64.  Geneva Convention (IV) relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War 1949 http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/92.htm

65.  Paul Gilbert “The oxygen of publicity: terrorism and reporting restrictions”, in Andrew Belsey and Ruth Chadwick, Ethical Issues in Journalism and the Media

66.  Global Security.org http://www.globalsecurity.org

67.  Golden Gate University, Martin Niemöller, http://internet.ggu.edu/university_library/if/Niemoller.html#note

68.  David Gordon “Manipulation by the Media: Truth, Fairness and Objectivity”, in David Gordon and John Michael Kittless, Controversies in Media Ethics

69.  David Gordon and John Michael Kittless, Controversies in Media Ethics (USA: Longman) 1999

70.  The Guardian “Actors' guild condemns blacklist” 5 March 2003 http://film.guardian.co.uk/news/story/0,12589,907942,00.html

71.  The Guardian “Television agendas shape images of war” 27 March 2003 http://media.guardian.co.uk/iraqandthemedia/story/0,12823,922854,00.html

72.  The Guardian “A gripping soap opera” 4 August 2003

73.  The Guardian “Bad news that Blair can't buy” 4 August 2003

74.  Roy Gutman and David Rieff, Crimes of War: What the Public Should Know (New York: 1999)

H

75. Daniel Hallin, We Keep America on Top of the World 1994

76. Hurst Hannum and Dana Fischer, American Society of International Law, US Ratification of the International Covenants on Human Rights 1993

77. Matthew Happold, The Guardian “UK troops 'break law' by hooding Iraqi prisoners” 11 April 2003 http://www.guardian.co.uk/Iraq/Story/0,2763,934550,00.html

78. Tim Harper, Toronto Star “Pentagon keeps dead out of sight” November 2, 2003 http://www.vaiw.org/vet/modules.php?

79. Stephen John Hartnett, Fighting for Civil Liberties in the Land of the Free The Public i Vol. 2, No. 2 2002 http://publici.ucimc.org/mar2002/32002_3.htm

80. Phil Haslanger, Madison Capital Times “Reporter Chronicles War's Effects” 23 May 2003

81.  Edward Herman, Beyond Hypocrisy, Decoding the News in an Age of Propaganda 1992

82.  Rosalyn Higgins, Derogations Under Human Rights Treaties (paper, unknown date)

83.  Human Rights Watch, Opportunism in the Face of Tragedy, Repression in the name of anti-terrorism  (undated) http://www.hrw.org/campaigns/september11/opportunismwatch.htm

I

84.  Independent Media Center “Staged "Liberation" media event?” 10 April 2003 http://nyc.indymedia.org/front.php3?article_id=55384&group=webcast

85.  Information Clearing House “Journalists Reveal Their True Colors” 11th April 2003 http://www.informationclearinghouse.info/article2859.htm

86.  The Institute for Policy Studies and Sustainable Energy and Economy Network “Crude Vision: How Oil Interests Obscured US Government Focus on Chemical Weapons Use by Saddam Hussein” March 24, 2003

87.  Institute for War and Peace Reporting http://www.iwpr.net/home_index_new.html

88.  International Conference on Human Rights, Teheran, 12 May 1968, Resolution XXIII “Human Rights in Armed Conflicts” http://www.icrc.org/ihl.nsf/

89. International Convention concerning the Use of Broadcasting in the Cause of Peace 1936 http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/other/dfat/treaties/1938/8.html

90.  International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination 1965 http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/d_icerd.htm

91.  International Council on Human Rights Policy, Journalism, Media and the Challenge of Human Rights Reporting (Switzerland: 2002)

92.  International Court of Justice http://www.icj-cij.org

93.  International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 1966 http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/a_ccpr.htm

94.  International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights “Declarations and Reservations” http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/treaty5_asp.htm

95.  International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights 1966 http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/a_cescr.htm

96.  International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, The Prosecutor versus Jean-Paul Akayesu 1998, http://www.ictr.org/default.htm

97.  International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, The Prosecutor versus Georges Ruggiu, 2000, http://www.ictr.org/default.htm

98.  International Press Institute “Caught in the Crossfire: The Iraq War and the Media”  (undated) http://www.freemedia.at/IraqReport2003.htm

99. Internet Encyclopaedia of Philosophy, Just War Theory http://www.utm.edu/research/iep/j/justwar.htm#The%20Principles%20Of%20

100. Iraq Body Count, “Adding indifference to injury” August 7th 2003 #1 http://www.iraqbodycount.net/editorial_aug0703.htm

J

101. Robert Jackall, Propaganda 1995

102. Robert Jensen, CommonDreams.org “News Media Industry's Criticism of Iraq Coverage Reveals Deeper Problems with Mainstream Journalists' Conception of News” August 4 2003

103. Garth S Jowett and Victoria O'Donnell, Propaganda and Persuasion 1992

K

104.  Tarik Kafala, BBC News Online “Analysis: Does the UN risk irrelevance?” 5 March, 2003 http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/2823149.stm

105.  Yahya Kamalipour, The US Media and the Middle East, 1995

106.  Richard Keeble, Propaganda Wars http://www.medialens.org/articles/iraq/rk_propaganda_wars.html

107.  Douglas Kellner, “The US Media and the 1993 War against Iraq” (in Kamalipour, The US Media and the Middle East)

108.  Phillip Knightly, The First Casualty 2000

109.  Penny Kome “Home Front Battle” March 4, 2003 www.rabble.ca

L

110. Paul Lagasse, Digital Freedom Network, “Climate in U.S. threatens freedom of information” April 2002 http://www.hrea.org/lists/huridocs-tech/markup/msg00762.html

111. Lawyers Committee for Human Rights “US Using Strong-Arm Tactics to Undermine Court on First Anniversary of Creation of ICC” 1 July 2003 http://www.lchr.org/media/2003_alerts/0701a.htm

112. Chisun Lee, Village Voice “Security or Suppression?” April 30 - May 6, 2003 http://www.villagevoice.com/issues/0318/lee.php

113. Liberty, Terrorism http://www.liberty-human-rights.org.uk/issues/terrorism.shtml

114. Sonia Livingstone “On the Continuing Problem of Media Effects” (in Curran and Gurevitch, Mass Media and Society)

115. The Lord Chancellors Department Human Rights, http://www.humanrights.gov.uk

M

116.  John MacArthur “Censorship And The War On Terrorism” 27 September 2001 http://www.mediachannel.org/views/interviews/macarthur.shtml

117.  Denis McQuail, “Mass Media in the Public Interest” (in Curran and Gurevitch, Mass Media and Society)

118.  Media Channel http://www.mediachannel.org

119.  Media Guardian, Iraq the media war Special Report http://media.guardian.co.uk/iraqandthemedia/0,12823,883261,00.html

120.  Media Lens http://www.medialens.org

121.  Media Monitors Network http://world.mediamonitors.net

122.  Media Transparency http://www.mediatransparency.org

123.  Merrills and Robertson, Human Rights in the World (Manchester: 1993)

124.  Dietmar Mieth, The Basic Norm of Truthfulness in Clifford Christians and Michael Traber, Communication Ethics and Universal Values (London: Sage) 1997

125.  Laura Miller, PR Watch “ War is Sell” 2002 www.prwatch.org/prwissues/2002Q4/war.html

126.  David Morrison and Howard Tumber, Journalists at War (London: 1988)

127.  Muslim News http://www.muslimnews.co.uk

N

128.  National Immigration Forum, “Immigrants in the Crosshairs: The Quiet Backlash Against America's Immigrants and Refugees” 16 December 2002 http://www.immigrationforum.org/currentissues/articles/

129.  National Security Archive George Washington University, “Joint Chiefs of Staff Memorandum for the Secretary of Defense, Justification for US Military Intervention in Cuba” 1962 http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/news/20010430/northwoods.pdf

130.  New York Civil Liberties Union, Arresting Protest 28 April 2003 http://www.nyclu.org/arresting_protest_042803.html

131.  John Nichols, Madison Capital Times “The Boss Rises to Dixie Chicks' Defense” April 24, 2003

O

132.  Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Status of Ratifications of the Principle Human Rights Treaties http://www.unhchr.ch/pdf/report.pdf

133.  Patrick O'Heffernan, Mass Media and American Foreign Policy (Norwood: 1991)

134.  OMB Watch www.ombwatch.org

135.  Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/a_opt.htm

136.  Jaime Oraá, Human Rights in States of Emergency in International Law (Oxford: 1992)

P

137.  Panorama, BBC, Guantanamo Bay documentary October 2003

138.  Dana Priest, Washington Post “Rumsfeld Touts U.S. 'Success'” September 6, 2003 http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn?

139.  The Project for the New American Century http://www.newamericancentury.org/index.html

140.  Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol 1) 1977 http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/93.htm

R

141.  Ian Reed, Fool's Paradise Sonnet http://www.reedandwrite.com/Fool's_Paradise.htm

142.  The Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press “How the War on Terrorism Affects Access to Information and the Public's Right to Know” September 2003 http://www.rcfp.org/homefrontconfidential/

143.  Reporters Without Borders “Colin Powell justifies US shooting at Palestine Hotel” 24th April 2003 http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=6492

144.  Reporters Without Borders “Reporters Without Borders outraged at bombing of Al-Jazeera office in Baghdad” 8 April 2003 http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=5945

145. Reporters without Borders report 2002 “Freedom of the Press Throughout the World”

146. Jeremy Rifkin, The Guardian, “USA: Media Giants Lobbying to Privatize Airwaves” April 28 2001 http://www.corpwatch.org/news/PND.jsp?articleid=110

147. Statement by Mary Robinson, United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights at the opening of the Commission on Human Rights, 55th session 1999 http://www.unhchr.ch/huricane/huricane.nsf/

S

148. Danny Schechter, The Media Channel “The Link Between The Media, The War, And Our Right To Know” May 1 2003 http://www.mediachannel.org/views/dissector/moveon.shtml

149. Tom Shales, Washington Post “Live From Baghdad, Sights and Sounds of History” April 10, 2003 http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A1361-2003Apr9?language=printer

150. Claire Short “resignation letter” 12 May 2003 http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/3019983.stm

151. Rhona Smith, Textbook on International Human Rights Law (Blackstone: 2003)

152. Steiner and Alston, International Human Rights in Context (Oxford: 1996)

153. Janusz Symonides, Human rights: new dimensions and challenges (Aldershot: 1998)

154. Josef Szwarc, Faces of Racism (London: Amnesty International) 2001

T

155. Philip M Taylor, Washington Post “Credibility: Can't Win Hearts and Minds Without It” March 30, 2003 http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/

U

156. UN www.un.org

157. UNESCO Conference on Media and Terrorism in Manila “Resolution on Terrorism and Media” May 2002 http://www.unesco.org/bpi/eng/unescopress/2002/02-30e.shtml

158. UNESCO “Recommendation concerning Education for International Understanding, Co-operation and Peace and Education relating to Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms” 1974 http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/77.htm

159. United Kingdom “Fifth Periodic Report Under Article 40 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights” August 1999 http://www.humanrights.gov.uk/part1.htm

160. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime “Definitions of Terrorism” http://www.unodc.org/unodc/terrorism_definitions.html

161. United States “Initial report of States parties to ICCPR due in 1993” CCPR/C/81/Add.4 August 1994 http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/

162. Universal Declaration of Human Rights http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/

163. UN General Assembly Declaration on Principles of International Law Concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation Among States 1970 http://www.hku.edu/law/conlawhk/conlaw/outline/Outline4/2625.htm

164.  UN General Assembly Resolution “Human rights and use of scientific and technological developments”, 134 A/RES/39/134 14 December 1984

165.  UN Human Rights Committee, General Comment 5, “Derogation of Rights”, 1981 http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/

166.  UN Human Rights Committee, General Comment 11, “Prohibition of propaganda for war and inciting national, racial or religious hatred, Article 20”, Nineteenth session, 1983 http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/

167.  UN Human Rights Committee, General Comment 24 “Issues relating to reservations made upon ratification or accession to the Covenant or the Optional Protocols thereto, or in relation to declarations under article 41 of the Covenant” 1994 http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/

168.  UN Human Rights Committee General Comment 29 “States of Emergency” 2001  http://www.hri.ca/fortherecord2001/documentation/tbodies/

169. UN Security Council Resolution 1441 “The situation between Iraq and Kuwait” 8 November 2002 http://ods-dds-ny.un.org/

170. Urbana Champaign Independent Media Centre http://publici.ucimc.org

171. USA Today “Amanpour: CNN practiced self-censorship” 14 September 2003

172. US Constitution http://www.constitution.by.net

173. US Department of State “Bush, Blair Defend Decision to Remove Saddam Hussein from Power” 17 July 2003 http://usinfo.state.gov/topical/pol/terror/texts/03071700.htm

V

174. Veterans Against the Iraq War http://www.vaiw.org

175. Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties http://www.un.org/law/ilc/texts/treaties.htm

176. Vienna Declaration on Public Broadcasting 1993 http://www.freemedia.at/declarat.htm#The Vienna Declaration

W

177.  Washington Post “War in Iraq” http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/iraq/front.htm

178.  Charlie Whelan, PR Week “The end-game nears and the PR war intensifies” April 11 2003  http://globalsecurity.com/pr_war.htm

179.  Raymond Whitaker, The Independent on Sunday “Revealed: How the road to war was paved with lies” 27 April 2003 http://news.independent.co.uk/world/politics/story.jsp?story=400805

180.  Lee Wigle Artz and Mark A Pollock “Limiting the Options: Anti-Arab Images in US Media Coverage of the Persian Gulf Crisis” (in Kamalipour, The US Media and the Middle East)

181.  Kevin Williams “Something more important than truth: ethical issues in war reporting” in Ethical Issues in Journalism and the Media, Andrew Belsey and Ruth Chadwick

182.  Liz Willmott UN Chronicle “PeaceWatch: The Road to Iraq's Disarmament” 2003 http://www.un.org/Pubs/chronicle/2003/issue1/0103p70.html

183.  Annette Witheridge, The Scotsman “Oscars blacklist stars in bid to prevent peace protest speeches” 11 March 2003 http://www.news.scotsman.com/index.cfm?id=295902003

184.  Paul Workman, CBC News Online “Embedded journalists versus "unilateral" reporters” April 7, 2003 http://www.cbc.ca/news/iraq/canada/correspondents_workman030407.html

185.  World Association of Newspapers http://www.wan-press.org

186.  WorldNetDaily.com “Michael Moore booed trashing Bush at Oscars” http://www.worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=31680

187.  George Wright, The Guardian, “Wolfowitz: 'Iraq War Was About Oil'” 4 June 2003


Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter 2: War propaganda in international law
Chapter 3: The role of the media
Chapter 4: War propaganda and the denial of specific rights
Chapter 5: Conclusions
Bibliography

 
   
 
 
     
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